Basically, a survival attempt…
Anwar Ibrahim has released the names. I believe the
line-up is not complete; he might have to add a few in due course – basically to
oblige competing forces or interests.
I gave 80 marks for Anwar’s present effort. Some
friends thought I was too generous. They are screaming in their heart: This
is not fair; DAP is being diminished! Why no Gobind Singh and Yeo
Bee Yin? And why Tengku Zafrul Aziz and not Zulkfly Ahmad? Etc. I
could understand their unhappiness, but I have to tell them this: With this
composition, Anwar should at least be able to ward off PN’s mud – of him being
DAP’s accomplice – for the time being, at least. And that is Anwar’s top
priority now, lest he sows the seed of another Sheraton Move, like what Dr
Mahathir had done by appointing Lim Guan Eng as Finance Minister after GE14,
even though the portfolio was somewhat a diluted one – with Economics going to
Azmin Ali.
Unlike GE14 where there were loud celebrations, this
time around DAP leaders and rank and file are behaving like monastery’s clergies.
They have learned their lesson. Lim Guan Eng’s way has cost them dearly. They
were fortunate that the non-Malays did not quite punish them during this
election. (But in reality, it was largely Hobson’s choice for non-Malays, since
the MCA and MIC leaders had yet to bring their parties up to scratch.) They
captured 40 out of the 55 seats contested, which made them the dominant party
in the PH coalition.
But PAS did even better – 49 out of 70! Whereas DAP is
multi-racial in constitution and practices, PAS is strictly Islamic and Malay. And DAP has always been perceived by the Malay majority as Chinese-based –
never mind the fact that they had Karpal Singh before and several well-educated
Malays and Indians as leaders there now. The results of GE 15 have demonstrated
that the country is now in a very polarized state. PAS has gained ground even
in some not so rural constituencies, including Anwar’s former turf. They have painted
the northern and eastern states green.
Under the Westminster convention, Pakatan Harapan
(PH), which had won the largest number of seats, should have automatically
qualified as the party that the monarch had to invite to try to form a
government. However, Malaysian politics is unique, parties contest under their
coalitions’ umbrellas. (PH is one such umbrella; it is not a political party
per se.) But the party that has won most seats is actually PAS. Muhyiddin
Yassin, chair of Perikatan Nasional (PN), to which PAS is affiliated, also claimed
that he had collected 115 statutory declarations, a support level which is more
than enough to form a majority government. This indeed posed a constitutional
dilemma.
I believe Muhyiddin truly had the “numbers,” but I
also believe that the declarations were largely leader-coerced documents. They
could be superseded anytime.
The King must have read the sentiment of the people well
this time. He also must have understood the folly of asking Muhyiddin to form a
PH government. Instead, both Anwar and Muhyiddin were summoned to the Palace to
discuss the possibility of working together to form a unity government. Maybe too
overconfident of himself, Muhyiddin rejected the unity government idea outright.
Naturally, Anwar was anointed as the 10th Prime Minister.
The stock market reacted well. Malaysian Ringgit also
strengthened. These two things speak volumes of the people’s longing for a
government that can act beyond narrow racial and religious issues.
The pythons in the chicken coop.
In a less polarized country, winners like DAP would
certainly insist that they be given the lion’s share in the cabinet. But this
is Malaysia. They are allotted only 4 ministerial portfolios. And the most
out-of-place party UMNO was given 6, with one of the two deputy prime
minister’s position thrown in as well. And adding salt to the wound – from the
angle of good governance – that No 2 position is given to Zahid Hamidi, who is
one who is still facing several corruption charges. I suppose Anwar’s stance is
simply this: Zahid is the leader of UMNO, without him, he would certainly not
be able to form a government. And now the country’s Federal Court is helmed by
well-regarded judges. He is happy to allow them to decide whether Zahid is
qualified to remain in due course.
Looking at the names in the line-up, many would agree
with me that there were certainly better choices. The most glaring of whom is
Tengku Zafrul Aziz. He was the finance minister in the previous government,
even though he was not an elected MP. Yes, he was the CEO of CIMB before that, and
yes, then Prime Minister Muhyiddin had every right to appoint him Finance
Minister. But if the principle of Parliamentary democracy was to be observed, then such
a position should be held by someone who is an elected MP. Tengku Zafrul lost in the
Kuala Selangor contest, notwithstanding, he has been named the new minister of
International Trade and Industry, which is a senior position in the cabinet. Yet
the person who beat him, Dr Zulkefly Ahmad, a very well-regarded man, and
someone who is also from PH, is not given a portfolio. This has helped fuel the
belief that Tengku Zafrul’s appointment was not based on qualifications per se.
There must be something more to it than meets the eye. He did not quite shine in
the last government, maybe he should help dispel this concern in this
government. Even Rafidah Aziz is negative about his inclusion.
Similarly, there are a few ministers from the UMNO
ranks who have been quite identified as racially radical – maybe by virtue of the
need to crane their heads to rise in a very cannibalistic pool. Their inclusion
does raise eyebrows. Now that they have to work with DAP in the unity
government, hopefully, their perceptions and behaviours will change.
On the other hand, the appointment of Rafizi Ramli is
welcomed by many. He is young and smart and can stand on his own politically
and intellectually. He appears to be the type who can offer fresh hope to a
tired country.
Organisational logic and principles
But let us go back to something more fundamental: How
an organisation should be structured?
Of course, in a Cabinet system, the members are
collectively responsible for government policies and actions. The ultimate
power rests with the prime minister. Ministers do not need to be really outstanding
or brilliant. In the Malaysian context, ability to be perceived well is more important,
especially in portfolios that are racially sensitive.
For instance, it may not be wise for Health to be
helmed by a doctor; or Public Works, an engineer; or Education, a university
teacher; etc. Professionals tend to carry built-in prejudices or biases into
their psyche and can be blind to wider social or political needs. In most
ministries, ministers therefore do not need to be experts in the fields that
they have been assigned to lead, as long as they are broadminded to make use of
the best brains to help them formulate and execute. That is all. Anwar’s degree
is in Malay Studies. He was made Finance Minister under Mahathir. Now he is
taking on the portfolio again. I doubt he truly knows much about Economics. But
does it really matter?
In short, in a mature economy, a good government is a government
that governs least. You do not need great shakes. Much of the governing is on autopilot.
But Malaysia is not in that comfort zone yet.
Is the new cabinet able to help Anwar on his Transformative
or Reformative missions? I am afraid my answer is no. It is still very much a “filling
up the slots” exercise.
There are certain basic logic or principles one has to
adopt in organizing structures. A good organisation divides tasks appropriately
and the leaders at every level will then integrate them to serve a higher
purpose. A cabinet is also a form of organisation. A transformative leader
would ask himself this question: Is the existing structure able to help me
pursue that purpose or cause? If you ask concerned citizens what is ailing
Malaysia today, I bet most of them will say it is the sad state of our education
system. The issues are obvious to most of us and there is no necessity for me
to elaborate on them, save to say that we are not preparing our young to face
the fast-changing world. How should it be organised then?
The man or woman to head it must enjoy the absolute
confidence of the prime minister to help advocate and execute a visionary system.
But what you see is the continuation of two ministries – Education and Higher
Education. They should be seamlessly integrated to advance an overall cause.
There is no doubt that Finance is an important
portfolio. It manages the fiscal and monetary policies and practices of the
country. Everyone loves to helm it because it is politically the most coveted portfolio.
But is it a top priority in our stage of national development? To me, the
portfolio requires a great deal of attention to nitty-gritties. The Prime
Minister, who has the entire Cabinet to direct, should not double himself as the
finance minister.
During Singapore’s formative years, Lee Kuan Yew knew
that the country’s future lay in these three areas: Defence, National
Development and Culture. He put his best ministers in these three portfolios. Same
thinking goes to China’s Xi Jinping. What does he want to leave behind? A China
that has arrived. And he sets to organise and act accordingly.
Of course, Anwar cannot hope to act like Lee or Xi,
for there are too many competing interests for him to manage at this stage. But
he should cast his sight far and wide, make his dream clear and step forward,
no matter how small the steps are.
But we really need someone who can cut across races
and religions to help nurture a great Malaysian society. Hopefully, Anwar is the
man.
Epilogue
Someone expressed surprise that Maszlee Malik that was
not made a minister. I responded that if he had been selected, I would subtract
10 marks from Anwar’s new cabinet scoresheet!
I like author AB Sulaiman's way of categorizing truths. Taking a leaf from him, I am happy for readers to mark up or mark down the score. It all depends on the beholder!
And a confession…
I fly in and out of KLIA often. I love to chat up limo and taxi and Grab drivers. They are very current about political affairs in the country, especially if they are Malay. I am prepared to make this conclusion: Most Malays are politically very active; from cab drivers to university professors, many are card holders. Chinese, on the other hand, are quite reluctant to join political parties. When I was young, my mother always cautioned us against taking part in 党派 (dǎngpài, loosely parties or hoodlums). In the 1980s, I went against her wishes and signed up with MCA. I found myself a total misfit and quit after a couple of months!
To this day, many Chinese are reluctant to join political parties – DAP? Too Lim Guan Eng-ish. And MCA? Not cool! Gerakan? Irrelevant! (To many Dominic Lau must have looked very ridiculous standing as the No 3 man in the PN photoshoots!)
No wonder we have landed ourselves in a very untenable political situation!
End